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French to English: Petite enfance : de l'éducation à la scolarisation General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Education / Pedagogy
Source text - French Petite enfance : de l'éducation à la scolarisation
Résumé :
La question de l’accueil et de l'éducation des enfants de zéro à six ans est une des grandes préoccupations des gouvernements des pays de l'OCDE depuis une vingtaine d'années. L'idée selon laquelle une scolarisation précoce serait bénéfique pour leur développement et leur futur parcours scolaire est largement répandue et la question du «tout éducatif» est de plus en plus prégnante au sein des structures d’enseignement préscolaire dans les pays de l’OCDE : les tout-petits passent plus de temps à être instruits et évalués sur leurs compétences qu’à jouer, explorer et imaginer. Plusieurs recherches s'interrogent sur le bien-fondé de ces orientations. En France, nous assistons à une "primarisation" de l’école maternelle et à une didactisation des savoirs. Ouverte à tous sans autre condition que celle de l'âge, elle assure les apprentissages liés au développement moteur et affectif selon des programmes définis au niveau du ministère de l'éducation nationale. Aujourd'hui sujette à de vives critiques, on lui reproche de ne pas profiter à tous les enfants de manière équitable et de contribuer au creusement d'écart entre enfants socio-économiquement favorisés et les autres. Au vu des constats sur les écarts initiaux entre élèves principalement dus aux origines sociales de ceux-ci, le modèle éducatif de l’école maternelle basée sur l’autonomie et la réflexivité supposées des élèves risque de creuser plus avant les inégalités. Nous avons souhaité dans ce dossier placer l'enfant au cœur de ces préoccupations afin de mieux comprendre les enjeux politiques, sociologiques et pédagogiques qui lui sont rattachés. Nous réfléchirons à la place du jeune enfant de zéro à six ans, à cette période qui précède l’instruction obligatoire dans la plupart des pays de l’OCDE et aux bénéfices que cela peut lui apporter. Nous nous intéresserons aussi aux conditions favorables aux apprentissages et au développement global de l’enfant.
Source: Gaussel Marie (2014) . Petite enfance : de l'éducation à la scolarisation . Dossier de veille de l'IFÉ, n°92
En ligne : http://ife.ens-lyon.fr/vst/DA/detailsDossier.php?parent=accueil&dossier=92&lang=fr
Translation - English Early childhood: From education to schooling
Abstract:
The reception and education of children aged from zero to six has been one of the major concerns of OECD country governments for the last twenty years. It is widely believed that an early start to formal education is beneficial for a child’s development and future school career and the notion that “everything must be educational” is increasingly prevalent within preschool educational facilities in OECD countries: the very young spend more time being taught and assessed on their skills than on playing, exploring and imagining. But several studies have questioned the validity of these trends. In France, nurseries are becoming more like primary schools while knowledge is educationalised. Open to all with no conditions other than age, nursery schools are responsible for the learning associated with motor and emotional development in line with programmes set by the French Ministry of Education. Today the subject of strong criticism, they are blamed for failing to benefit all children fairly and for contributing to the widening gap between children of higher and lower socioeconomic status. In view of the gaps acknowledged to initially exist between pupils primarily due to their social background, basing the nursery school education model on pupils’ supposed autonomy and reflexivity risks further compounding inequalities. Our aim in this study is to put the child at the heart of these concerns to better understand the social, pedagogical and policy-related issues. We will consider the place of young children aged from zero to six in the period that precedes compulsory education in most OECD countries, and the benefits they can derive from this. We are also interested in conditions conducive to learning and overall child development.
French to English: Extract from HISTOIRE DE L'ÉMIGRATION PENDANT LA RÉVOLUTION FRANÇAISE [HISTORY OF EMIGRATION DURING THE FRENCH REVOLUTION] by Ernest Daudet General field: Other Detailed field: History
Source text - French Le 14 juillet 1789, dans Paris révolté contre l'autorité royale, l'émeute triomphante s'emparait de la Bastille qui symbolisait à ses yeux l'ancien régime, la détruisait et arrosait ses ruines du sang de ses défenseurs. Ce premier acte des fureurs populaires était aussitôt suivi des plus hideuses saturnales, au cours desquelles Flesselles, prévôt des marchands; le contrôleur général des finances, Foulon; Launay, gouverneur de la Bastille, d'autres encore tombaient massacrés. On promenait leur tête au bout d'une pique. Ces trophées sanglants étaient salués par des cris haineux et féroces, terriblement menaçants pour la reine, l'Autrichienne, comme on disait, pour les Polignac ses favoris, et pour divers membres de la famille royale, le comte d'Artois par exemple, frère du roi, à qui ce peuple en délire imputait, comme à Marie-Antoinette, la responsabilité de ses maux.
Tandis que se déroulaient dans la capitale ces événements sinistres, précurseurs d'événements plus affreux qui, pendant plus de dix années, allaient livrer la France à toutes les horreurs de l'anarchie et la préparer pour la dictature, à Versailles, la monarchie, représentée par un souverain dont la faiblesse n'avait d'égale que sa bonté, ne savait plus que devenir. Assailli de conseils contradictoires, tiraillé entre ceux qui le poussaient à la résistance et ceux qui le pressaient de pactiser par des concessions avec la Révolution naissante, et de la désarmer en lui cédant, le malheureux Louis XVI s'immobilisait dans ses indécisions et ses scrupules. Sans penser à lui-même, il tentait d'arracher des victimes au monstre par lequel il se sentait enserré déjà.
Tremblant pour les jours de son plus jeune frère, ce comte d'Artois qui par ses prodigalités, sa conduite, son rôle à la cour, s'était attiré tant de haines, il lui enjoignait de quitter Paris et «de se retirer hors du royaume». Le comte d'Artois s'empressait d'obéir à cet ordre. Muni d'un passeport délivré par le général de La Fayette, il s'enfuyait dans la nuit du 16 au 17, avec le prince d'Hénin capitaine de ses gardes, le comte de Vaudreuil son ami, le marquis de Blignac et le baron de Castelnau gentilhommes de sa maison. Ensemble ils gagnaient à cheval Chantilly. Là, les attendait une voiture du prince de Condé, qui les emmenait aussitôt à la poste prochaine d'où ils se dirigeaient sur Valenciennes.
[Source text can be found in various formats at http://m.gutenberg.org/ebooks/29013.mobile]
Translation - English The 14 July 1789 saw the storming of the Bastille in a Paris in revolt against royal sovereignty. Considering it a symbol of the Ancien Régime, the triumphant mob seized and destroyed it, dousing its ruins in the blood of its defenders. This first act of popular fury was immediately followed by orgies of violence even more hideous in nature, which saw the massacre of Jacques de Flesselles, Provost of the Merchants, Joseph Foulon de Doué, Controller General of Finances, and Bernard-René de Launay, Governor of the Bastille, among many others. Their heads were paraded through the streets on pikes. These bloody trophies were hailed with savage and hate-filled cries, hugely alarming for the Queen (or “The Austrian”, as she was known), her court favourites the Polignac family and numerous other royals, among them the comte d’Artois, brother of the king, whom, together with Marie-Antoinette, the frenzied crowd blamed for their ills.
These grim events were the precursors to events more awful still, which for more than a decade would lead France into the full horrors of anarchy and pave the way for dictatorship. And as they unfolded in the capital, the monarchy in Versailles, embodied by a sovereign whose weakness was equalled only by his good-heartedness, was at a loss as to its next move. Bombarded with conflicting advice and pulled between those urging resistance and those impelling him to make a deal with the incipient revolution by granting concessions, disarming it by yielding to its demands, the ill-fated Louis XVI was paralysed by his indecision and conscience. With no thought of himself, he attempted to prise victims from the clutches of a monster by whom he already felt ensnared.
Sick with fear for the life of his youngest brother, who, due to his excessive spending, behaviour and role at court, had attracted much hatred, the king ordered him to leave Paris and “retire outside the kingdom”. The comte d’Artois was quick to obey this command. Taking a passport issued by General de La Fayette, he fled during the night of 16-17 July, with the prince d’Hénin, captain of his personal guard, his friend the comte de Vaudreuil and the marquis de Blignac and the baron de Castelnau, gentlemen of his household. Together they escaped to Chantilly on horseback where they were met by a carriage belonging to the prince de Condé, which immediately took them to the next post from which they continued on to Valenciennes.
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Translation education
Bachelor's degree - University of Strathclyde (degree in Business and Languages)
Experience
Years of experience: 11. Registered at ProZ.com: Jan 2013.
I am a freelance translator based in Edinburgh (United Kingdom) translating from French into English. English is my native language.
Since starting out in 2013, I have translated over 900,000 words in a professional capacity for many large, well-known companies and organisations as well as for smaller businesses and organisations and government departments of all sizes. Most of this work has been in the fields of law and business but I have also translated texts on hospitality, travel and tourism, education, economics, social sciences, the arts, entertainment and media, pharmaceuticals and Information Technology. I have a current capacity of 2000 to 2500 words a day.
I also have some teaching experience from my first year of self-employment, working in a local private language school, teaching small groups and individuals, from beginners to school pupils to French language graduates.
I am a graduate of International Business and Modern Languages (principal subjects Economics with French and Spanish) which I studied at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow. The language component of this degree was heavily translation based and I was also able to study interpreting in my final year. This was a five year undergraduate degree (with one year spent at the prestigious "EDHEC" business school in Lille, France), allowing me to study my principal subjects in depth, in addition to Finance, Marketing, Statistics, Computing and Interface studies. I did my final year dissertation on the Economics of Language Education.
Prior to becoming a translator I spent eight (non-consecutive) years working in a predominantly French speaking sales and customer service role for Hilton Hotels (my employment was latterly transferred to C3). This job involved daily translation and interpreting for customers in Hilton’s French speaking markets (mainly France, Belgium, Luxembourg and Canada), but also helping customers in English and occasionally Spanish, over the phone and by email.
I am computer literate and can work with files created with most MS Office programs such as Word, Excel and PowerPoint. The CAT tools I use are MemoQ and Wordfast Anywhere.
Please do not hesitate to get in touch if you would like to work with me or if you would like me to provide you with any further information.
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