hearth companions

Polish translation: straż/gwardia przyboczna

GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW)
English term or phrase:hearth companions
Polish translation:straż/gwardia przyboczna
Entered by: mike23

09:44 Nov 16, 2015
English to Polish translations [PRO]
History / Medieval history
English term or phrase: hearth companions
"The Saxon hearth companion was similar in many ways to the thegns of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms".

Chodzi o jakąś saską gwardię przyboczną wodzów, nie wiem czy ten termin ma jakiś polski odpowiednik, w razie czego można trochę bardziej opisowo to zrobić, ale byłbym wdzięczny za ewentualną pomoc.
Rojek
Local time: 16:50
straż/gwardia przyboczna
Explanation:
In 11th century England, “hearth companion” was a general term for a lord’s household troops or personal bodyguards. However, hearth companions often did more than simply bear arms, and they were also known by other names: house-carls, huscarls, or gesitha. The terms changed and took on different meanings throughout the Anglo-Saxon and Viking period–there was even a time in which hearth companion and thegn meant the same thing.
https://talesofmercia.wordpress.com/2010/08/03/history-of-he...

The term ‘huscarl’ meant ‘hearth companion’ and this reflects one of the chief aspects of the post. Originally it was the king who would be attended by such men as he was rich enough to pay them. The Viking kings of the Dane-Law in England are believed to have introduced this idea and it was copied by the Saxons, especially those lords rich enough.

The Saxon huscarl was not just a companion but also a bodyguard to their lord. They swore a death-oath to protect him. If their lord fell in battle then the huscarls were honour bound to either kill all of his enemies or die on the same field. If they should survive the battle then they would recover their lord’s body and see it given a fitting funeral.
http://www.petercwhitaker.co.uk/page15.html

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Note added at 10 hrs (2015-11-16 20:16:37 GMT)
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The primary purpose of the hearth companions was of a military nature. In battle, they directly surrounded and fought with their lord. But when they were not at war, the duty of the hearth companion became more malleable. “In times of peace, the king’s hearth companions were the nearest equivalent to a police force: they administered his laws and enforced his royal authority”.
Selected response from:

mike23
Poland
Local time: 16:50
Grading comment
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer



Summary of answers provided
4 +1Drużyna
Jakub Osiejewski
3wasale/świta
Frank Szmulowicz, Ph. D.
3straż/gwardia przyboczna
mike23


  

Answers


51 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5 peer agreement (net): +1
Drużyna


Explanation:
Oczywiście, to może być nieco zbyt "słowiańskie", ale chyba najlepszym odpowiednikiem byłaby drużyna wojów.


    https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%BCyna_ksi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%99ca
    https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojsko_polskie_w_okresie_wczesnofeudalnym
Jakub Osiejewski
Native speaker of: Native in PolishPolish

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Dimitar Dimitrov
13 hrs
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)

2 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 3/5Answerer confidence 3/5
wasale/świta


Explanation:
He is a great chieftain, the heorth-geneat (hearth-companion, or vassal) of a king named Higelac.
https://books.google.com/books?id=mu0PAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA33&lpg=P...
cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc

hearth-companion, i.e. a vassal of the king,
https://books.google.com/books?id=2mAQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA207&lpg=...
ccccccccccccccccccc

Heorô-geneat, es ; т. a hearth companion, a vassal,
https://books.google.com/books?id=oH9FAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA705&lpg=...
ccccccccccccccccccccccc

He is a great chieftain, the _heorth-geneat_ (hearth-companion, or vassal) of a king named Higelac
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&c...
cccccccccccccccccccccccccc
He is a great chieftain, the heorZh-genzeat (hearth-companion, or vassal) of a king named Higelac.
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa&cc=moa&v...


cccccccccccccccccc

heorogeneat m hearth-companion, retainer;
https://books.google.com/books?id=idiPZZvY55YC&pg=PA130&lpg=...
, hearth-companion, retainer:

retainer się tłumaczy jako członek świty.

Frank Szmulowicz, Ph. D.
United States
Local time: 11:50
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish, Native in PolishPolish
PRO pts in category: 32
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)

4 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 3/5Answerer confidence 3/5
straż/gwardia przyboczna


Explanation:
In 11th century England, “hearth companion” was a general term for a lord’s household troops or personal bodyguards. However, hearth companions often did more than simply bear arms, and they were also known by other names: house-carls, huscarls, or gesitha. The terms changed and took on different meanings throughout the Anglo-Saxon and Viking period–there was even a time in which hearth companion and thegn meant the same thing.
https://talesofmercia.wordpress.com/2010/08/03/history-of-he...

The term ‘huscarl’ meant ‘hearth companion’ and this reflects one of the chief aspects of the post. Originally it was the king who would be attended by such men as he was rich enough to pay them. The Viking kings of the Dane-Law in England are believed to have introduced this idea and it was copied by the Saxons, especially those lords rich enough.

The Saxon huscarl was not just a companion but also a bodyguard to their lord. They swore a death-oath to protect him. If their lord fell in battle then the huscarls were honour bound to either kill all of his enemies or die on the same field. If they should survive the battle then they would recover their lord’s body and see it given a fitting funeral.
http://www.petercwhitaker.co.uk/page15.html

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 10 hrs (2015-11-16 20:16:37 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

The primary purpose of the hearth companions was of a military nature. In battle, they directly surrounded and fought with their lord. But when they were not at war, the duty of the hearth companion became more malleable. “In times of peace, the king’s hearth companions were the nearest equivalent to a police force: they administered his laws and enforced his royal authority”.


mike23
Poland
Local time: 16:50
Native speaker of: Native in PolishPolish
PRO pts in category: 16
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)



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