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Crown-in-Parliament

03:43 Nov 8, 2020
English to Russian translations [PRO]
Science - Government / Politics / Политическая система Великобритании
English term or phrase: Crown-in-Parliament
At the centre of the United Kingdom political system, therefore, lies not a written constitution, but a legislative institution. Parliament makes no distinction between ordinary laws and constitutional laws. In theory at least, the constitution itself consists of nothing more than the principle of the sovereignty of Parliament. There is a single process for legislation which requires nothing more than a simple majority in the House of Commons and the approval of the House Lords and the Queen.

There is an important qualification to be made here. The United Kingdom is still technically a constitutional monarchy and not a republic. The origins of the British state, after all, lay in the exercise of monarchical power rather than arising directly from the will of the people. Strictly speaking, therefore, sovereignty rests with the Crown-in-Parliament, not simply the House of Commons. Certain so-called "prerogative powers', which formerly belonged to the monarchy, are now exercised by ministers without needing to gain parliamentary approval first. Monarchs used to enjoy the right to pardon criminals. Today, the Home Secretary has inherited the power to determine whether prisoners should be released early, without needing to obtain parliamentary approval - a prerogative which has been used to resist pressure to address recent miscarriages of justice, especially the cases of those wrongly convicted for terrorist offences. Foreign Secretaries too enjoy prerogative powers. They can sign treaties without asking Parliament for its approval, which has proved useful when, as with the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985 or the treaties of European integration, issues of foreign policy have been divisive or controversial.

None of this means that the monarchy itself exercises significant political power. Not since the nineteenth century have monarchs been able to choose the Prime Minister or veto candidates for ministerial posts, although informal advice has been offered on occasion. George V (1910 - 1936) was one of the driving forces behind the creation of the National Government of August 1931. In 1963, when the Conservative Prime Minister Harold Macmillan resigned on grounds of ill-

health, he was able to persuade Elizabeth II that his successor should be Lord Home rather than R. A. Butler, whom Macmillan distrusted, but who was probably more popular with Conservative MPs
Анна


Summary of answers provided
4 +1Королева-в-парламенте
Turdimurod Rakhmanov
4 +1Законодательная власть Великобритании
Michael Sarni


  

Answers


10 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5 peer agreement (net): +1
crown-in-parliament
Королева-в-парламенте


Explanation:
Королевы-в-парламенте
Если дословно корона-в-парламенте

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Note added at 10 mins (2020-11-08 03:54:21 GMT)
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Впрочем, у британцев не все так просто, и их парламент, который на первый взгляд вроде как состоит из двух составляющих (палат), на самом деле триедин, так как здесь соблюдается так называемый принцип Crown-in-Parliament (дословно – корона-в-парламенте, иначе говоря – Королева-в-парламенте). Это связано с тем, что исторически в Великобритании отсутствует привычное для нас разделение ветвей власти, и монарх является неотъемлемой частью каждой из ветвей власти. Таким образом, королева имеет право созывать и распускать парламент, одобряет каждый закон и формально возглавляет парламент (действуя при этом согласно рекомендациям премьер-министра и других членов правительства).

Turdimurod Rakhmanov
Kyrgyzstan
Local time: 03:33
Works in field
Native speaker of: Native in UzbekUzbek, Native in KirghizKirghiz
PRO pts in category: 44

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Anastasiya Tarapyhina: Согласна. "Король/королева/корона-в-парламенте".
5 hrs
  -> Thank you, Anastasiya!
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5 days   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5 peer agreement (net): +1
Законодательная власть Великобритании


Explanation:
См.
https://www.royal.uk/queen-and-government
"The formal phrase 'Queen in Parliament' is used to describe the British legislature, which consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The Queen's duties include opening each new session of Parliament, granting Royal Assent to legislation, and approving Orders and Proclamations through the Privy Council."

Также см.
http://www.hyno.ru/tom1/411.html
"Законодательная власть в Великобритании принадлежит парламенту (старейший в мире, создан в 1265 году). Парламент состоит из монарха, Палаты лордов (750 человек) и Палаты общин (в настоящий момент 646 депутатов). В действительности под парламентом понимаются лишь две палаты, а в обычном словоупотреблении — нижняя, которая осуществляет законодательные функции. Король подписывает все законы, на основании конституционного обычая почти 300 лет не применяет принадлежащего ему права вето. Вето Палаты лордов может быть преодолено нижней палатой простым большинством голосов, но на другой сессии парламента, что означает, что при созыве сессии раз в год верхняя палата может на год отсрочить вступление закона в силу. На практике Палата лордов, как правило, возражения против законопроектов, принятых Палатой общин, выдвигает крайне редко."

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Note added at 19 days (2020-11-28 02:00:16 GMT)
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В данном контексте я бы предложил следующее решение:

Строго говоря, сувереном в Британии является законодательная власть, состоящая из монарха и парламента (Палаты лордов и Палаты общин), именуемая в просторечии "Королева (или Король) в парламенте (Crown-in-Parliament)"

Michael Sarni
United Kingdom
Local time: 22:33
Native speaker of: Native in RussianRussian
PRO pts in category: 8

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Boris Shapiro
1 day 2 hrs
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