GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
18:07 Feb 2, 2018 |
|
Spanish to English translations [PRO] Tech/Engineering - Forestry / Wood / Timber | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Selected response from: Helena Chavarria Spain Local time: 23:06 | ||||
Grading comment
|
Summary of answers provided | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
3 +2 | medullary rays |
|
Summary of reference entries provided | |||
---|---|---|---|
definición |
| ||
I think you're right |
|
Discussion entries: 2 | |
---|---|
medullary rays Explanation: As a natural product, the colour and grain of oak can vary from one piece to another. In addition to the warm tones and grains, some oak features unique markings called medullary rays which can add character, beauty and uniqueness to your staircase. Medullary rays (also known as Pith Rays or Tiger Marks) are sometimes mistaken for damaged, repaired or water marked wood but are in fact a natural feature of the timber. The marks are caused by sap moving through the wood perpendicular to the rings as nutrition is transported from it’s core to the outer areas leaving silver or gold ribbons and is an important part of the tree’s growing process. The presence of the marking,s like many things, are subjective. Far from being a defect in the wood, these markings are prized by many carpenters and customers for their traditional, high end appearance and because they are an indication of the finest oak from the prized part of the tree. Some carpenters even pride themselves on using timber with medullary rays. They are most prominent in oak which has been quarter sawn which reduces expanding, twisting and warping. https://www.abbottwade.co.uk/2014/01/07/medullary-rays/ Most hardwoods (but not softwoods) have ribbons of parenchyma cells that carry nutrients laterally through the bole. Technically, to be entirely correct, "medullary rays" are those rays that start at the pith of a tree and go outwards, but in normal use the term refers to all rays whether or not they start at the pith. In some woods such as oak and lacewood the rays are very pronounced and in other woods they are barely discernable. They are what cause the "ray flake" figure in quartersawn planks. http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_rays.htm -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 38 mins (2018-02-02 18:46:17 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Chapa de madera mallada o rameada. ¿Serían buenos los términos "rift-cut veneer" y "flat-cut veneer" para traducir esto? Las voces ocurren en un catálogo de puertas, así a secas, debajo de las fotos de las vetas de las maderas en cuestión - cerezo o roble mallado o rameado https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/chapa-de-madera-mall... RIFT SAWN Most expensive, least common Rift sawn wood can be manufactured either as a compliment to quarter sawn lumber or logs can be cut specifically as rift sawn. In rift sawn lumber the annual rings are typically between 30-60 degrees, with 45 degrees being optimum. Manufactured by milling perpendicular to the log’s growth rings producing a linear grain pattern with no flecking. This method produces the most waste, increasing the cost of this lumber. Rift sawn lumber is very dimensionally stable and has a unique linear appearance. http://www.hardwooddistributors.org/blog/postings/what-is-th... After further research I've noticed that 'mallado' is often used to refer to a type of cut (rift sawn), though in this case, I think the word is used to describe the rays in the wood. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 54 mins (2018-02-02 19:02:54 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- The following question is English > French but it might help you. https://www.proz.com/kudoz/english_to_french/materials_plast... -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 17 hrs (2018-02-03 11:16:49 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Now I prefer 'ray fleck/flecking'! I also think that the cut is quartersawn, not rift sawn. Trees use cellular structures called medullary rays to transport sap for water and nutrients. They also transport terpenes, which help fight against disease and insect infestations, and during this process heartwood is created from sapwood. Medullary rays radiate out from the pith, and run like ribbons perpendicular to the grain. When quartersawn, these rays are exposed, and while all trees have medullary rays, only certain species will display them in obvious fashion. The exposed medullary rays produce a kind of figure in the wood, and are commonly called ray fleck. The character and intensity of flecking in white oak can vary significantly even among a single bundle of lumber. But you can stack the cards in your favor when picking your boards at the lumberyard by looking at the end grain. The more perfectly perpendicular the grain, the more fleck you’re likely to end up with. Because the medullary rays run radially, the closer to a perfect 90 degrees a board is cut, the more the rays will be exposed and the more flecking you will see. You can find ray fleck in boards that are cut at angles as low as 75 degrees, which is technically where rift sawn ends and quarter sawn begins, but in my experience, they start to disappear altogether at any angle below that point, or at best the flecks are short, skinny and straight and run in a consistent direction, instead of the big, fat, random and wandering ray fleck you will see in a perfectly quartersawn board. It’s in your interest to take a little extra time at the lumberyard to pick boards that are as close to perfectly quartersawn as possible if intense flecking is what you’re after. https://thewoodenoracle.wordpress.com/2013/05/23/maximizing-... -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 19 hrs (2018-02-03 14:06:44 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Thanks for the article. I enjoyed reading it! -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 20 hrs (2018-02-03 14:08:46 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- It also explained why I was confused by 'rift sawn' and 'quartersawn'. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 20 hrs (2018-02-03 14:21:23 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Radial plane is any plane whose surface parallels the stem axis and passes through the pith (in practice often referred to as “quarter sawn” surface). It exposes the longitudinal expression of the axially orientated tissues (vessels, axial parenchyma, fibers) transected at a 90° angle by bands of the horizontally oriented rays. However, because of slight irregularities in the structure (rays “curve” around large pores and often do not run in perfectly straight radial lines), exposure of the rays may be intermittent. The distinctive appearance of larger rays as dark bands (for instance in maple and black cherry) on a radial surface is called „ray fleck“. The term “silver grain” is often used with reference to the silvery sheen of very large rays (for instance oak) due to the reflection of incident light. Growth ring boundaries appear as nearly parallel axial/vertical lines in radial view. ftp://delta-intkey.com/citesw/en/intro.htm |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Grading comment
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes to answerer
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
11 mins peer agreement (net): +1 |
Reference: definición Reference information: Atlas de maderas tropicales de America Latina - Page 29 3. —. DESCRIPCIÓN. DE. LA. MADERA. ALBURA : color y espesor medio. DURAMEN • Color • Fibra (dirección general de las fibras) - recta - contrahilo ligero y/o ocasional - contrahilo fuerte y/o frecuente • Grano (impresión visual dada por el volumen y la disposición de los poros) - grueso - medio - fino • Mallado (aspecto producido por la presencia de radios sobre la cara de una madera cuarteada) - fino - medio - fuerte. https://books.google.com.br/books?isbn=2876146126 |
| ||
Note to reference poster
| |||
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade) |
20 mins peer agreement (net): +1 |
Reference: I think you're right Reference information: Definition of silver grain : the lines or figures of the medullary rays on various woods (such as oak or bird's-eye maple) in longitudinal or tangential sections https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/silver grain -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 23 mins (2018-02-02 18:31:16 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Medullary rays are cellular structures found in some species of wood. They appear as radial planar structures, perpendicular to the growth rings, which are visible to the naked eye. In a transverse section they appear as radiating lines from the centre of the log. In an axial section they may appear as a variety of transverse markings, depending on how close the section is to the plane of the ray. In a tangential section they may be hard to see at all. They are formed by the activity of fascicular cambium. During the process of the division of cambium, the cambium cuts out cells on both the outer and inner side. These cells are parenchymatous. Most of these cells transform into xylem and phloem. But certain cells don't transform into xylem and phloem and remain as such.[clarification needed] These cells cut out by the cambium towards the periphery are phloem parenchyma while those towards the pith are xylem parenchyma. Both of these cells together work as secondary medullary rays. These medullary or pith rays are essential for the radial conduction of the water, minerals and other organic substances.They transport the substances from centre to periphery These rays are also known as vascular rays or pith rays. In this context, the term refers to radial sheets or ribbons extending vertically through the tree across and perpendicular to the growth rings. Also called pith rays or wood rays, these formations of primarily parenchyma cells allow the radial transport of sap and are essential in the process of tylosis. In quartersawn material, where the wood is cut into boards with the growth rings roughly perpendicular to the face of the board, the medullary rays often produce beautiful figure such as silver grain, medullary spots, pith flecks, etc. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medullary_ray_(botany) |
| ||
Note to reference poster
| |||
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade) |
Login or register (free and only takes a few minutes) to participate in this question.
You will also have access to many other tools and opportunities designed for those who have language-related jobs (or are passionate about them). Participation is free and the site has a strict confidentiality policy.