I found many translation:
سجل الأدلة
تسلسل الإيداع
تسلسل العهدة

Chain of custody (CoC) refers to the chronological documentation or paper trail, showing the seizure, custody, control, transfer, analysis, and disposition of evidence, physical or electronic. Because evidence can be used in court to convict persons of crimes, it must be handled in a scrupulously careful manner to avoid later allegations of tampering or misconduct which can compromise the case of the prosecution toward acquittal or to overturning a guilty verdict upon appeal. The idea behind recording the chain of custody is to establish that the alleged evidence is in fact related to the alleged crime, rather than having, for example, been planted fraudulently to make someone appear guilty.

أعتقد أن عبارة "تسلسل الحيازة لا تفي بالغرض لأنها غير واضحة ولا تحدد حيازة ماذا.