Salmonella:

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Note added at 16 mins (2011-07-09 18:18:22 GMT)
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Saludos
erski :))

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Note added at 17 mins (2011-07-09 18:19:24 GMT)
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(Whoops!)
eski
:))

This issue came up when I was writing a style manual for the World Health Organization, and I studied the topic in school last semster.

1. References to the genus Salmonella alone (without the specific epithet), and any genus, are **usually** written in italics in running text, but there is some flexibility. Some style sheets allow you to leave it in roman type, and it is increasingly common to see it not italicized. If you are translating for publication in a journal, you should check to see if the subject is mentioned in its style rules. See:
http://www.academicjournals.org/IJPPB/Instruction.htm.

2. Common bacteria have entered into the language and may also be also shown in roman type with a lowercase initial letter. When it's written that way, you can pluralize it and apply other word formation rules. I have seen this done even in scientific journals, alongside the capitalized form.

3. However, because this gets confusing, and because there are a lot of nitpickers who are quick to judge, it's safer to keep the initial capital and italicize it in running text.

4. Of course you should always write it in italics if you are using a binomial species name--e.g., Salmonella enterica. There is no flexibility about that in running text.

5. In lists of species names, tables--i.e., contexts other than running text--it is proper to NOT italicize.

6. As others have indicated, family names, like Enterbacteriaceae, are written in roman type with an initial capital. There's no confusion; they are always written the same way. And BTW, it's redundant to say "the family Enterbacteriaceae" because -aceae means 'family'. Like 'pizza pie'.

These comments are drawn from long experience with a multitude of references, style sheets, and class lectures.