Glossary entry

Arabic term or phrase:

الاستخذاء

English translation:

subservience, submission, meekness

Added to glossary by Mokhtar Nabaleh
Nov 11, 2013 21:00
10 yrs ago
Arabic term

الاستخذاء

Arabic to English Other Religion
علم الاستخذاء والاستنعاج
Change log

Nov 17, 2013 23:04: Mokhtar Nabaleh Created KOG entry

Proposed translations

+3
12 mins
Selected

subservience, submission, meekness

Peer comment(s):

agree Linda Al-Bairmani
8 mins
Many thanks!
agree Firas Allouzi
11 mins
Many thanks!
agree Doaa Alnajjar : http://www.almaany.com/home.php?language=arabic&word=خضوع&la...
19 mins
Many thanks!
Something went wrong...
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer. Comment: "Thank you Mr. Mukhtar for your help"
+2
6 mins
+3
9 hrs
Arabic term (edited): الاســتخـذاء

slavish submissiveness



Your question is categorized under Religion and the title is عِلم كذا وكذا
Based on this, I would assume your text is probably related to something like 'مبحث من مباحث نقد أو تقريع ’تطويع الفقه لغرض معيّن (this is my understanding, not a formal subject title).
Such studies look into/criticize the deliberate employment of certain verses and narratives in the service of the powers that be.
This is an abstract brief explanation, as these are actual research topics under debates in 'Fiqh and Politics'. But my words here are 'general' (as a reader, not a specialist scholar) in approaching the term. This is 'not' a referenced material. You can seek references in published books or reviewed essays on relevant subjects, per the particular doctrine of your text in question.

There is some socio-political topic that we may call مبحث الخنوع which can possibly translate as 'Studies/Essays in Subservience'.
The word الخنوع in this context relates to both الرضا بالذل والهوان، وهو الاستخذاء؛ واستضعاف النفس، وهو الاستنعاج
So, مبحث الخنوع = مذلّة النفس واستضعافها
This is opposite to مبحث الخضوع = الخضوع لله في العبادة وطاعته في أوامره وأحكامه, that is to submit to God and obey Him and His Messenger. (Again, this is an understanding, not a chapter title)
For example, we say الخضوع والخشوع والسجود لله
But to the opposite, there are examples of forced الخنوع والركوع لغير الله (plenty of examples available on the web)
The idea is that الخضوع هو لله، وضدّه الخنوع لغير الله

If we look up the two words in AR-AR (eg. Munjed & Mawrid) , استخذاء من خذأ وتعني أذلّ وأخزى غيرَه، وتُستخدَم بصيغة استخذى نفسه واستخذأها بمعنى اتّضعَ وصار وضيعاً لغيره, which can translate as 'to become a slavish submissive', 'to lower oneself before'.
As for استنعاج, it is استضعاف النفس and to accept that one is powerless and cannot make a change or revolt. The word is derived from نعجة, the female sheep - an ewe شاة. Some sheep breeds have no horns (neither in rams nor ewes) which make them double powerless and vulnerable; many breeds have ewes with no horns while some do. In addition, they obey, follow and hardly run away.

So, my understanding and the way I would translate this is:
'Subservience begets slavish submissiveness and slavish powerlessness'
الخنوع يستجلب للمرء إذلال نفسه واستضعافها = الخنوع يستجلب الاستخذاء والاستنعاج
It is both enforced and self-inflicted, when accepted in silence - like the lambs! For when they object they only bleat, and then sleep on it.
If the line is مبحث في الاستخذاء والاستنعاج, then perhaps 'Essays in Slavish Submissiveness and Powerlessness'.
Peer comment(s):

agree Lamis Maalouf : I love the way you explained it. I was very interested in knowing what did these two words mean and didn't have the time to search but kept checking on the question.
5 hrs
Thank you.
agree halaelzorkany : thank u for the detailed explanation, i enjoyed reading it
8 hrs
Many thanks.
agree Linda Al-Bairmani
14 hrs
Something went wrong...

Reference comments

28 mins
Reference:

http://www.jazeeratalarab.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A/itemlist/user/68-%D8%

Some people might find the text offensive!

You'll find the term in the link, and it supports the colleagues' answers

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Note added at 43 mins (2013-11-11 21:44:14 GMT)
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http://www.jazeeratalarab.com/السبعاني/itemlist/user/68-سعود السبعاني.html

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Note added at 43 mins (2013-11-11 21:44:28 GMT)
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http://www.jazeeratalarab.com/السبعاني/itemlist/user/68-سعود السبعاني.html
Something went wrong...
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