This question was closed without grading. Reason: Errant question
Apr 16, 2019 15:47
5 yrs ago
3 viewers *
French term

titre de salaire

French to English Social Sciences General / Conversation / Greetings / Letters history/colonialism
In this guide aimed at teachers delivering lessons on the history of Africa, one section looks at the colonial regime established by the French and British.

This section looks at the significance of alcohol sales to Africans, including as a source of public revenues. It is said that the colonial authorities "firent de l’alcool un titre de salaire", which I am struggling to interpret.

Here is the full context:
"Les colonisateurs se sont bien sûr empressés d’interdire le commerce, l’importation et l’usage des armes à feu, sauf dans les régions où la chasse était autorisée à certaines périodes de l’année. En revanche, la consommation des boissons alcoolisées ne cessa de croître. Elle était en effet encouragée par les autorités coloniales poussées dans ce sens par les lobbies des fabricants d’alcool en France. Une conférence réunie à Bruxelles en 1892 essaya sans succès d’interdire l’importation d’alcool au Congo. La France, au contraire, mit tout en œuvre pour en augmenter l’importation. Les autorités coloniales firent de l’alcool un titre de salaire. En 1894, la moitié des recettes globales et 95 % des droits de douane du protectorat de la côte du Niger provenaient de l’alcool ; les rentrées publiques fournies par les spiritueux atteignaient près de 2 millions de livres sterling."

xxx
Change log

Apr 16, 2019 22:30: writeaway changed "Field (write-in)" from "colonialism" to "history/colonialism"

Discussion

AllegroTrans Apr 18, 2019:
Asker Would you care to tell us what you translated this as in the end?
Daryo Apr 17, 2019:
@ Peter LEGUIE good points! it does make sense indirectly.

You are not by any chance suggesting that a State would act as a common drug pusher when there is money to be made?
writeaway Apr 16, 2019:
With Helen That 's what it means.
Peter LEGUIE Apr 16, 2019:
And this might also be considered as a means of encouraging drinking (and paying duties) as a (bad) habit amongst the local population who probably did not know of European spirits until then.
That reminds me of the way French authorities awarded practically free cigarettes to very badly paid conscripts in the days when I did my military service: this was often criticized as encouraging smoking, and rightly so in my view.
Peter LEGUIE Apr 16, 2019:
Daryo Yes, I spotted this, but maybe private employers paid duties when they bought spirits from distillers, to be used as wages, which would then satisfy the tax collector.
And also when they imported them.
If not, it does not make much sense to me either.
Daryo Apr 16, 2019:
Makes no sense Paying wages in alcohol won't generate any tax revenues.
Helen Shiner Apr 16, 2019:
@Thomas Thanks for clarifying.
Thomas Miles (asker) Apr 16, 2019:
"à titre de salaires" The suggestion "in the form of wages" has just been confirmed by a later quote including "à titre de salaires". Unfortunately the author had incorrectly reproduced this in the first instance, hence the confusion.
mchd Apr 16, 2019:
Une forme de "paiement en nature" !!
Simon Charass Apr 16, 2019:
With Peter on this one.
Helen Shiner Apr 16, 2019:
à titre de For what it's worth, 'à titre de salaire' means 'in the form of wages'.
Peter LEGUIE Apr 16, 2019:
Could this possibly mean part of the wages (like salt in Roman times)? But one would then say "élément" du salaire.

Proposed translations

+3
3 hrs
French term (edited): (firent de l’alcool) un titre de salaire

(made alcohol a) wage component; a form of emolument

Thanks to the discussion entrants.

A 'head of salary' might be too close in pronunciation to a 'head of celery'.

The UK Truck Acts - payment in cash-only and not kind - go back to 1831, so might be applicable to the colonial era in point.

Even so, it might be misguided to assume that no tax revenues had been generated by such payment in alcohol, as substitution of the 'fair market value' of goods received in lieu of wages or taken by a trader for his or her own use (Sharkey v Wernher: House of Lords, 1955) is a well-established revenue principle in the UK and no doubt in France - but the rest of the text might provide more clues.

In modern-days tax terms, 'emolument' might be used in the context, the French version of the word usually denoting a notarial, lawyer's or a huissier de justice's fee.
Example sentence:

PAYMENT OF WAGES Section 1. General ... Repeal of Truck Acts 1831 to 1940 etc. PART II WAGES COUNCILS Scope of operation of wages councils

Payments in kind in the place of wages are still taxable. For example, employees will have payments in kind reported on their W-2 form.

Peer comment(s):

neutral Francois Boye : you never cite French documents.// You assume that documents in French are self-evident, which is not the case. In addition, the UK and France are not copy-cats of one another.
32 mins
That's because I know the history of British tax rules better than I do the French ones. Otherwise, not much point looking up when the precipitous question is closed precipitately http://www.linternaute.fr/expression/langue-francaise/18780/...
agree Nicolas Gambardella : "a form of emolument" is perfect
2 hrs
agree Daryo : you are right - it does make sense indirectly.
12 hrs
agree AllegroTrans : Profiteering perhaps
20 hrs
Something went wrong...
-2
4 hrs

a salary certificate

D'une manière générale un "titre" peut être défini comme la qualité attachée à la source d'un droit ou un ensemble de droits. Cette source peut se présenter sous la forme d'une disposition légale, ou administrative, ou sous la forme d'une convention ou d'un jugement.

Si dans le langage quotidien, le titre tend à se confondre avec le document qui constitue la preuve de son contenu, il reste que le droit inclus dans le titre ne se confond pas avec sa preuve. Ainsi, si un contrat bail est un titre, en revanche, l'absence d'un écrit concrétisant la preuve des droits qu'il confère, ne signifie pas qu'une personne qui ne dispose pas d'un document écrit se trouve dépourvue de titre : un bail verbal est un titre, la possession qui est un fait matériel, est un "titre".

Source: Dictionnaire Juridique
Peer comment(s):

neutral Helen Shiner : How can one turn alcohol into a certificate? / How does your proposed answer relate to the sentence? ‘Firent’ from ‘faire’./The word is 'alcoholic'.
12 mins
Meaning? Only wage earners can afford to drink alcoolic drinks.
disagree Daryo : "Le cadavre - exquis - boira - le vin - nouveau" does yield interesting results, but is not really the best method for getting the right translation. // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exquisite_corpse
11 hrs
Meaning? Only wage earners can afford to drink alcoolic drinks.
disagree AllegroTrans : A salary certificate (whatever that is) out of alcohol? Come on....// really? I was always taught that drunkenness used to be the scourge of the unemployed
19 hrs
Meaning? Only wage earners can afford to drink alcoolic drinks.
Something went wrong...
Term search
  • All of ProZ.com
  • Term search
  • Jobs
  • Forums
  • Multiple search