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Glossary entry

French term or phrase:

La révolution du liquidateur

English translation:

passing / transfer / devolution / transmission

Added to glossary by Zonia Clissold
Jan 11, 2021 16:14
3 yrs ago
33 viewers *
French term

La révolution du liquidateur

French to English Law/Patents Law (general) articles of association
This phrase is contained in articles of association of a SARL uni-personnelle founded in Gabon.
For context the whole sentance is:
"La révolution du liquidateur à ses employés ou à son conjoint, ascendants ou descendants."
It appears in an article entitled "liquidation" and is preceded by the conditions required for the liquidator's dismissal or resignation and followed by the indication that the liquidator will be liable for any faults he commits.

I am wondering whether there is some specific meaning of the word "révolution" in such a context for example "transfer" or perhaps an error and the writer put "révolution" instead of "dévolution". I would be most grateful for any remarks.
Proposed translations (English)
3 +1 passing / transfer / devolution / transmission
3 +1 cession of the appointment of liquidator to...
3 There shall be no rotation of the liquidator's appointment or office .... to his or her....
3 -2 the business settlement's turnover

Discussion

AllegroTrans Jan 15, 2021:
There is ambiguity But if it's about the appointment I would expect to see something lile "la dévolution des fonctions du liquidateur.....".
If the Asker would please post what follows the heading, this may become clearer.
Asker?
Daryo Jan 14, 2021:
@ AllegroTrans you're right that I missed the nuance between an "administrator" put in charge of a company to try to rescue it and a "liquidator" who is there only to close the company for good.

https://companieshouse.blog.gov.uk/2019/02/27/what-does-goin...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidator_(law)

But all the rest I said still stands. This ST is not about who is buying the assets, but about who is put in charge of that process (/who is selling the business's assets) when the current liquidator gets dismissed or resigns.

BTW given that "Articles of association" are supposed to be a publicly available document, Asker could give the text of the whole article about "liquidation" (without any specific names) to help clarify this for good.

The whole article is most likely just copy-pasted from some standard clause re-used to no end - can't see any "breach of confidentiality" in publishing the whole article (without names, of course)
AllegroTrans Jan 14, 2021:
"Dévolution" works as a term for "transfer" And this appears to be a heading (as Ph-B points out, there is no verb)

Réussissez le transfert de biens du CE au CSE - Réflexe CSE
reflexe-cse.fr › transfert-biens-ce-cse
Translate this page
31 Jul 2019 — Il y a dévolution de biens entre le comité sortant et le CSE. Ce processus de legs de patrimoine implique également pour le CE d'avertir tous ...

Décret du 9 septembre 1970 PORTANT DEVOLUTION DE ...
www.legifrance.gouv.fr › affichTexte
Translate this page
19 Dec 2019 — Décret du 9 septembre 1970 PORTANT DEVOLUTION DE BIENS, DROITS ET OBLIGATIONS DE L'ANCIEN DEPARTEMENT ...

So my money is on this referring to a prohibition on the liquidator trasnferring assets to his spouse or relatives. It would probably clear up the haze if asker could post what follows the heading
Daryo Jan 14, 2021:
Well ... the reference quoted by AllegroTrans is surely not to be dismissed lightly - after all, it was published in the "Journal officiel" - of the French Republic (not of any OHADA treaty country, but then it might be a case of "influence" of the French legislation) and using a very similar wording, at least partly.

BUT I find it unadvisable to "disagree" with the Source Text.

There is a principle in movie making that if at some point in the movie a shotgun is shown hanging on the wall, that shotgun should be soon relevant to what follows in the movie.

In the same way if the whole article is about "liquidation" (the winding-up the business), and just before there are mentions of "le liquidateur" being dismissed or resigning, then implicitly what follows is about the situation AFTER this dismissal / resignation - i.e. about who can be the replacement.

From what I can see in the ST and the explanations, it all points in that way

I don't see any good result being obtained by twisting the ST to conform to one reference that seems relevant.

"La révolution du liquidateur" being a typo for

"les actifs de la société ne peuvent être passés/vendus à/aux ..."

Really?
AllegroTrans Jan 14, 2021:
@ Daryo This isn't about a "disgraced" administrator, it's about the liquidator which is not the same thing. The Commercial Code ref I posted strongly suggest that it's about the liquidator (IF the company ever goes into liquidation) is prohibited from transferring company assets to his/her spouse or relatives. The Asker's text seems to have words missing and maybe she should check this with the client.
Conor McAuley Jan 14, 2021:
Daryo Based on the context we have, and especially AllegroTrans's contribution:

"Article L237-7 du Code de commerce

La cession de tout ou partie de l'actif de la société en liquidation au liquidateur ou à ses employés ou à leurs conjoint, ascendants ou descendants est interdite.",

I strongly disagree, but I suppose nothing is impossible.
Daryo Jan 14, 2021:
The "administrator" of a company being wound-up can be an individual or a legal entity employing the individual acting as administrator, in which case there might be other people from the same legal entity (like a partnership of lawyers) who could also qualify to take over the role of administrator.

What this clause says is that any kind of connection to the disgraced administrator is a presumption strong enough to disqualify someone else from taking take over the role of administrator. The brother / sister /father or the business partner of the expelled administrator might well be perfectly honest, they are still barred from getting anywhere close that company that is being "liquidated" /wound-up.

So this clause is in fact about the presumed conflict of interest between the outgoing "liquidateur" and their potential replacement.

clue:

... is preceded by the conditions required for the liquidator's dismissal or resignation ...

so this clause is about a situation where the current administrator is being replaced, and in fact it would primarily apply if "le liquidateur" was dismissed.
Conor McAuley Jan 14, 2021:
Daryo... ...where do the employees come into this, then?
Daryo Jan 14, 2021:
what this clause is about
IF "le liquidateur" has been kicked out / dismissed from of the role for not doing it properly THEN that same position/role of "liquidateur" can not be passed on to anyone related to the dismissed "liquidateur" by employment or by family ties (ses employés, ou à son conjoint, ascendants ou descendants).

Or in plain speak a dodgy "liquidation administator" who's been kicked out of the job can not be simply replaced by another employee of the same firm or by someone from the same family.
Conor McAuley Jan 12, 2021:
Put in... ..."(sic)" after "revolution" then, to show that it's not you who has made a mistake.
Zonia Clissold (asker) Jan 12, 2021:
I tend to think that AllegroTrans is right since I've found exactly the same article as cited by the latter in the Uniform Act applicable under the OHADA treaty for the harmonisation of corporate law in African countries. I think I will have to put what is actually written not what should have been written since I'm translating the official copy of the registered articles of association.
Conor McAuley Jan 12, 2021:
Aha! Thanks AT -- a sensible law and article that prevents the liquidator from having conflicts of interest.

Zonia -- that is your full context, plus any extra you have. Adjust my answer as appropriate.
AllegroTrans Jan 12, 2021:
This is most likely what it is trying to replicate Article L237-7 du Code de commerce

La cession de tout ou partie de l'actif de la société en liquidation au liquidateur ou à ses employés ou à leurs conjoint, ascendants ou descendants est interdite.
Zonia Clissold (asker) Jan 11, 2021:
Sorry - I left out the end of the sentance with the verb. The whole sentance is:
"La révolution du liquidateur à ses employés, ou à son conjoint, ascendants ou descendants est interdite."

ur à ses employées.
ph-b (X) Jan 11, 2021:
Whole sentence? There is no verb. And à suggests there is a verb that takes à earlier in the sentence, e. g. communique à ses employés.... I was also wondering about a possible typo (résolution), but liquidateurs don't do that.

Proposed translations

+1
41 mins
Selected

passing / transfer / devolution / transmission

Typo or some problem with spellcheck maybe?


Presumably upon the passing of the sole shareholder / owner. (But if the employees are the priority creditors upon court-ordered liquidation (a big if), then the company/its assets go to them.)


FHS Bridge, The Council of Europe French-English Legal Dictionary

Full entry here:

https://books.google.fr/books?id=rQAKtn-XjzIC&pg=PA82&lpg=PA...

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 5 hrs (2021-01-11 21:18:05 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

When a business or a 1901-Act organisation are wound up, its assets are sold off and the resulting money is distributed -- liquidation, as the asker indicates.

See, for example:

http://artistenfete.org/statut-constitution/5-dissolution-de...

"L’actif net subsistant sera attribué obligatoirement à une ou plusieurs autres associations poursuivant des buts similaires, et qui seront nommément désignés par l’assemblée générale extraordinaire."


"Transfer to his/her [the sole shareholder's] employees...is prohibited."

What is being transferred is either the liquidation surplus ("boni", see https://www.proz.com/kudoz/french-to-english/business-commer... or the company, without liquidation even taking part, following his or her passing.

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 5 hrs (2021-01-11 21:21:32 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

The full situation will be clear from the surrounding text.
Peer comment(s):
agree philgoddard : I agree it's probably a typo for dévolution (is that what you're suggesting?), and that it means transfer. But I don't understand the sentence as a whole, or what is being transferred to whom and why.
3 hrs
Thanks Phil! I hope it is clearer now. / I should have made it clear that I was suggesting a typo for "dévolution", very good point.
agree AllegroTrans : Seems to be about (prohibtion of) transfer of assets but asker would do well to check with client whether words are missing
3 days 24 mins
Thanks AT!
disagree Daryo : passing / transfer [of the appointment for the role of liquidator"] could make sense, but even with what context is available, I can't see any of your explanations being relevant for this ST// for ex. ONLY the business is "dying" for sure, no one else.
3 days 3 hrs
Something went wrong...
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer. Comment: "Thanks to everyone for their suggestions. I did consult the customer explaining the problem - the reply was simply "Tout est en ordre". Since the articles of assocaition were already officially stamped compliant, approved and registered I kept close to the French "The transfer by the liquidator to his employees, spouse, ascendants or deescendants is prohinited". "
5 hrs
French term (edited): La révolution du liquidateur à ses... est interdite

There shall be no rotation of the liquidator's appointment or office .... to his or her....

It does look a typo for dévolution by someone unduly influenced by political etc. 'revolutions'.

It does, though, have a kind of sense on the lines of a 'rotational' no-no :... est interdite', Directors retiring by 'rotation' at AGMs e.g. in the UK.
Example sentence:

How far shall directors be rotational Directors? As stated in section 152(6)(a) i. Unless the article provide for the retirement of all the directors at every annual general meeting. ii. Not less than 2/3rd (two-third) of the total number of directors

Reference:

http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/director-rotation.asp

Peer comment(s):
agree Francois Boye : on parle de révolution d'un astre, mais pas d'une personne, quel que soit son titre
18 hrs
disagree Daryo : the ST is about another kind of "potential fraud / conflict of interest" IOW there is no "rotation" in this ST - a "liquidateur" doing the job properly is not supposed to be "rotated" at all.
2 days 14 hrs
Something went wrong...
+1
8 hrs

cession of the appointment of liquidator to...

Explanation:
Now that we know a bit more about the context, here is my attempt with a sample sentence below.



Example sentence:

The cession of the appointment of liquidator to .... is prohibited

Reference:

https://www.lawinsider.com/clause/cessation-of-appointment

Peer comment(s):
agree Daryo : also I don't think that there is any typo - African French tends to use words in the meanings they had decades / century or two ago, and "révolution" is for sure a kind of "change", like changing who is the person being "le liquidateur"
2 days 11 hrs
thanks
neutral AllegroTrans : I rather think it's about assets not the appointment
2 days 16 hrs
I think it's the "appointment" but there is not enough space to discuss why here.
Something went wrong...
-2
4 hrs

the business settlement's turnover

I expect revolution to mean a turnover or transfer when it's used in terms of a business settlement. Someone might wish to hand over a business to a partner or employees or family members.

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 14 hrs (2021-01-12 07:14:00 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Il y a un peu plus d'information:
"La cession de tout ou partie de l'actif de la société en liquidation au liquidateur ou à ses employés ou à son conjoint (sa conjointe), aux ascendants ou aux descendants est interdite."
Dans une famille les ascendants et les descendants sont les parents et les enfants. Dans une société d'une entreprise les ascendants et les descendants peuvent être des membres supérieurs et des membres inférieurs du personnel d'un système d'emploie.
(Il n'y a pas de permis de transférer aucune partie de la société en liquidation (en des règles du remboursement). Le propriétaire (le patron de l'entreprise) n'a pas le droit de transférer ou céder l'actif (les crédits ou les partes ou les biens) de l'entreprise, ni au liquidateur (qui peut être l'agent de remboursement ou l'agent de recouvrement de créances) ni à ses employés ni à aucun partenaire ou aucun membre du personnel en haut ou en bas dans l'échelle des droits et des titres de l'entreprise.)

https://www.labase-lextenso.fr/petites-affiches/PA200620501

https://www.l-expert-comptable.com/dossiers/les-cessions-de-...

"The assignments or transfers of all or part of the business company's shares in liquidation (financial settlement by rules of reimbursement or transfer over) to the liquidator (who can be a financial reimbursement settlement agent or a debt collector), the proprietor's employees, his partner, ascendants or descendants."
In a family the ascendants and the descendants are the parents and children. In a business enterprise the ascendants can be higher up in the hierarchy or the business society's employment scale or ladder, while the descendants can be lower down in the same scale or ladder.
"The transfer or assignment of all or part of the business company's shares in liquidation (settlement or transfer over) to the liquidator, his employees, his partner, his ascendants or descendants is prohibited."
(The proprietor (business owner) is not entitled (he or she does not have the right) to transfer or to pass over business company shares (credits or assets) to a financial agent, nor to any employees or partner, nor to promoted (superior) or less promoted (inferior) members of staff.)

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 16 hrs (2021-01-12 08:33:12 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

La révolution c'est un mouvement ou un transfer ou une cession comme un changément parmi les droits ou les titres dedans une société ou d'une entreprise.
"C'est le changement brusque de l'ordre économique, moral, culturel qui se produit dans une société."
https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/révolution/69...
Le roulement: "C'est une circulation des argents, son utilisation pour les paiements, les transactions: le roulement des capitaux."
https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/roulement/700...

(Revolution is a movement, transfer, pass-over or granting as a change within a society or a business enterprise's rights and titles.
"Revolution is an abrupt change in an economic, moral or cultural order which is produced within a society.
Rotation: It's the circulation of money or capital and its usage for payments (grants and/or loans) and transfers."
Example sentence:

Je crois que la révolution est une chiffre d'affaire (peut-être un roulement). La liquidation des chifres ou des comptes est envers l'accord d'un balance. Il semble qu'un père considère céder ses affaires à ses employés ou à son partenaire ou à

Peer comment(s):
disagree AllegroTrans : Makes no sense in the context
4 hrs
disagree Daryo : How a "settlement" could have its own "turnover", in any context??
17 hrs
Something went wrong...
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