foraminal segment of the left nerve

Your spine is made up of 33 vertebrae. Each one has openings to let nerves that branch off the spinal cord pass through to other parts of the body. When these openings, called neural foramen, narrow or get blocked, they can press on your nerves. This is called neural foraminal stenosis.

https://www.webmd.com/back-pain/what-is-neural-foraminal-ste...

Foraminal Narrowing
Foraminal narrowing occurs when the foramina or canals through which the nerves exit the spine become narrowed. It may occur due to arthritis, bone spurs, spondylolistesis, herniated discs or other conditions. As these canals become narrowed, they pinch the nerves that goes thru it causing pain, weakness, numbness or tingling along the nerve pathway. This is referred to as neural foraminal narrowing and it can cause radiating pain along the length of the nerve as well as numbness, tinging, or weakness within the muscle group innervated by the affected nerve.

https://www.bonati.com/conditions/foraminal-narrowing/

Other words can describe where the protrusion is protruding into:

Central—the disc protrusion is encroaching into the spinal canal itself, with or without spinal cord or nerve compression

Foraminal—the disc is encroaching into the foramen, the space through which nerve roots branch off the spinal cord and exit the vertebrae

Paracentral—the most common type, paracentral disc protrusions crowd space between the central canal and the foramen.

https://www.spineuniverse.com/conditions/herniated-disc/disc...