FVA English to Arabic Social Sciences Psychology Psychological Safety

In 1999, the term “Psychological Safety” became popular by Harvard Leadership and Management professor Amy C. Edmondson who built on the work of scholars before her and defined psychological safety in her paper “Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams” as “ a belief that one will not be punished or humiliated for speaking up with ideas, questions, concerns or mistakes, and that the team is safe for interpersonal risk-taking.” The paper studied 51 teams in manufacturing companies and found that teams with higher performance were the ones that made more mistakes.
In 2012, Google conducted its project “Aristotle,” that studied many diverse teams working at Google and tried to understand what are the factors behind successful teams. The project concluded with five elements ordered according to importance, the first being psychological safety, followed by dependability, structure, clarity, meaning, and impact.