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Translation, Editing/proofreading
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Specializes in:
Biology (-tech,-chem,micro-)
Genetics
Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
Nutrition
Science (general)
Medical (general)
Medical: Cardiology
Medical: Pharmaceuticals
Sports / Fitness / Recreation
Engineering (general)
Also works in:
Botany
Environment & Ecology
Geology
Nuclear Eng/Sci
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Chinese to English - Rates: 0.06 - 0.08 USD per character / 20 - 35 USD per hour English to Hungarian - Rates: 0.06 - 0.08 USD per word / 20 - 30 USD per hour Hungarian to English - Rates: 0.06 - 0.08 USD per word / 20 - 30 USD per hour Chinese to Hungarian - Rates: 0.07 - 0.10 USD per character / 25 - 35 USD per hour
English to Hungarian: Telomere attrition-induced senescence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae General field: Science Detailed field: Genetics
Source text - English Previous studies have used telomere sequencing to detect recombination events in senescing S. cerevisiae cells. This assay takes advantage of the fact that yeast telomerase adds imperfect, degenerate repeats. Sequencing multiple copies of the same telomere derived from a clonal population of cells reveals a centromere-proximal region of stable sequence and a distal region with differing degenerate repeats. The variation in the sequence of the distal region I is largely abolished in the absence of telomerase, but rare sequence divergence events can be detected and have been presumed to be caused by recombination. More precisely, since equal SCR generates repair products without changes in DNA sequence, the assay detects sequence divergence due to unequal SCR, intertelomere recombination, or BIR that does not result from perfect alignment with a sister telomere. These recombination events may be directly important in delaying senescence, or they may be a byproduct of other recombination-mediated activities that delay senescence. To determine the nature of these events, we sequenced telomere VI-R from est2Δ strains—EST2 encodes the protein catalytic subunit of telomerase—that are also deleted for either RAD52, POL32, or RAD59. All three of these genes are required for recombination of telomeric repeats in type II survivors. In est2Δ cells, 8.6% of the telomeres exhibit sequence divergence, similar to what has previously been reported. Surprisingly, even though rad52Δ, pol32Δ, and rad59Δ telomerase-null strains senesce rapidly, we find that the divergence events do not decrease in the absence of Rad52, Pol32, or Rad59, indicating that these events are not involved in the recombination-mediated delay of senescence. In fact, divergence events increase in the absence of Pol32.
Translation - Hungarian A megelőző kutatások telomer szekvenálást használtak, hogy rekombinációs jelenségeket mutassanak ki öregedő S. cerevisiae sejtekben. Ez a vizsgálati elemzés azt a tényt használja ki, hogy az élesztő telomeráz tökéletlen, degenerált ismétléseket produkál. Klónozott populációból származó sejtek, ugyanazon telomer, több példányának szekvenálása feltár egyfelől egy stabil szekvenciájú centromér-proximális régiót, valamint egy disztális régiót különböző degenerált ismétlésekkel. A disztális régió szekvenciájában lévő variáció nagyrészt elhanyagolható a telomeráz hiányában, ugyanakkor megfigyelhetők ritka szekvenciális változások melyek vélhetően rekombináció következményeképp jönnek létre. Pontosabban, mivel ugyanannyi SCR, DNS szekvencia változtatások nélkül termel javítási termékeket, a vizsgálati módszer, szekvencia eltérést észlel az egyenlőtlen SCR, intertelomer rekombináció vagy a BIR következtében, amely nem a testvér telomerrel való tökéletes illeszkedés eredményeként következik be. Ezek a rekombinációs események közvetlenül is fontosak lehetnek az öregedés késleltetésében, avagy a melléktermékei lehetnek más rekombináció által kiváltott folyamatoknak, amelyek késleltetik az öregedést. Hogy megállapítsuk ezeknek az eseményeknek a jellegét, a VI-R-es telomert szekvenáltuk az est2Δ törzsből— EST2 kódolja a telomeráz katalitikus fehérje-alegységét—melyből a RAD52, POL32 és RAD59 eltávolításra került. Ezen három gén közül mindegyik szükséges a telomerikus ismétlések rekombinációjához kettes típusú túlélőkben. Korábbi kutatásokhoz hasonlóan az est2Δ sejtekben a telomerek 8,6%-a mutat szekvencia eltérést. Meglepő módon, annak ellenére, hogy rad52, pol32 és rad59 hiányos telomeráz törzsek gyorsan öregednek, azt véltük felfedezni, hogy a divergens esetek nem csökkennek a Rad52, Pol32 vagy Rad59 hiányában, jelezve, hogy ezek az események nem vesznek részt a rekombináció által kiváltott öregedés késleltetésben. Sőt, az eltérő esetek száma növekszik a Pol32 hiányában.
Chinese to English: Gene pyramiding in different rice varieties General field: Science Detailed field: Genetics
Source text - Chinese 基因聚合是培育广谱、持久抗性水稻品种的有效策略。然而,水稻白叶枯病隐性抗性基因xa5和一些抗病基因组合后却产生了拮抗的聚合效应。为避免无效或拮抗的组合,有必要对携带单基因和基因组合的水稻品种进行抗性评价。调查了2个感病水稻系（籼稻IR24和粳稻TP309）,4个单基因抗病系IRBB3、IRBB5、IRBB21和CBB23（分别含Xa3、xa5、Xa21和Xa23）和3个多基因抗病系IRBB54、IRBB50和IRBB59（分别含xa5+Xa21、xa5+Xa4、xa5+Xa21+xa13）对8个白叶枯菌小种的抗性。前期对xa5、Xa21单基因和基因聚合后的效应进行了报道,发现江汉大学保存的P8小种克服了Xa21介导的抗性。发现P8在TP309和IRBB3上都诱导8个小种中最长的病斑, 进一步证明了P8致病力的变异;IRBB54、IRBB50和IRBB59对包括P8在内的8个小种表现出抗性, 表明了基因聚合策略应对致病菌毒性变异的有效性; 而Xa23单基因对所有小种的抗性都达到了三基因聚合系IRBB59的高抗性水平, 但在和xa5聚合后抗性被弱化, 呈现负向的拮抗效应。研究结果提示在进行水稻基因聚合育种时, 应充分考虑小种的致病性变异和基因聚合的多效性。
Translation - English Gene pyramiding is an effective strategy for cultivating broad-spectrum, long-lasting and resistant rice varieties. However, the combination of the recessive resistance gene xa5 and some resistance genes of bacterial blight of rice produced an antagonistic pyramiding effect. In order to avoid ineffective or antagonistic combination it is necessary to evaluate the resistance of rice varieties carrying single genes and gene combinations. Two infected rice varieties (indica rice IR24 - Oryza sativa subsp. indica - and japonica rice TP309 - Orzya sativa subsp. japonica), 4 single gene, disease-resistant variants IRBB3, IRBB5, IRBB21 and CBB23 (containing Xa3, xa5, Xa21 and Xa23, respectively) and 3 polygene, disease-resistant variants IRBB54, IRBB50 and IRBB59 (containing xa5+Xa21、xa5+Xa4、xa5+Xa21+xa13 respectively) were investigated for resistance to 8 microspecies of Xanthomonas Oryzae. The effects of post gene pyramiding of single genes Xa5 and Xa21 have been reported previously, and it was found that the P8 species preserved in Jianghan University overcame the Xa21-mediated resistance. It was discovered that P8 induced the longest ill-spots in 8 microspecies both in TP309 and IRBB3, further proving the mutation of P8 pathogenicity. IRBB54, IRBB50 and IRBB59 showed resistance to 8 microspecies containing P8, indicating the effectiveness of gene pyramiding strategies in response to the mutation of pathogenic bacterial toxicity. While the Xa23 single gene achieved a high level of resistance to all microspecies the resistance was weakened after aggregation with Xa5, showing a negative antagonistic effect. The results of the research suggests that when preforming the breeding of rice for gene pyramiding, sufficient consideration should be given to the pathogenic variations of microspecies and to the pleiotropy of gene pyramiding.
My name is Mark and I can help you translate from simplified Chinese to English or Hungarian. I can also help you translate in the fields of biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, epigenetics, etc.
Some info about myself:
From a young age I was very interested in languages and I learned them with ease. I learned English and Russian as a bilingual when I was a child. Later, before my university studies I learned Mandarin Chinese. I have been living in China for 3 years now and I speak and read the language very well. I am currently in my graduate year in university, where all my studies were taught in Chinese, therefore I am also familiar with scientific vocabulary in various fields of biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, epigenetics etc.
For more information feel free to check out my resume.
For translation inquires or test translation requests, feel free to message me through ProZ or send an email to [email protected].
Languages I speak and my language pairs:
Chinese (simplified) - English
Chinese (simplified) - Hungarian
English - Hungarian
Hungarian - English
Hungarian - Native
English - Bilingual level
Russian - Bilingual level
Chinese - Fluent
What I guarantee:
- Knowledge of scientific vocabulary in various fields of Biology and Chemistry (Hungarian, English, Chinese)
- Perfect knowledge of simplified Chinese characters
- High proficiency in English, Hungarian, and Mandarin Chinese
- Hardworking, efficient, reliable and available
Keywords: Chinese, Mandarin, English, Hungarian, genetics, genes, scientific, scientific translation, high quality translation, technical translator. See more.Chinese, Mandarin, English, Hungarian, genetics, genes, scientific, scientific translation, high quality translation, technical translator, nutrition, life sciences, biology, chemistry, biochemistry, cellular biology, epigenetics. See less.
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