Translation glossary: Chemitry II

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Laerte da Silva

Laerte da Silva

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atomic structure

the nucleus and the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of an atom.

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a common term used to mean the average molar mass of an element. This is the mass per mole of atoms. Example: the atomic weight of chlorine is about 3

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Avagadro\'s number

Number representing the number of molecules in one (1) mole: 6.023 * 1023. B

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Azimuthal Quantum Number

See \"Magnetic Quantum Number\".

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Substance which gives off hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution.

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Having the characteristics of a base.

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a salt that contains at least one hydroxide ion. The hydroxide ion can then behave as a base in chemical reactions. Example: the reaction of hydrochlo

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Group of numerical constants used in the wavefunctions. Named by number and type of wavefunctions used to represent an atom. Specific to atom.

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a number of electrochemical cells placed in series.

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a hydrated impure oxide of aluminium (Al2O3•xH2O, with the amount of water x being variable). It is the main ore used to obtain aluminium metal. The r

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an inverted earthenware bowl with a hole in the upper surface and a slot in the rim. Traditionally, the earthenware was brown and looked similar to a

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a tall glass jar with an open bottom and a wide, stoppered neck that is used in conjunction with a beehive shelf and a pneumatic trough in some experi

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a tall furnace charged with a mixture of iron ore, coke and limestone and used for the refining of iron metal. The name comes from the strong blast of

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a substance that removes colour in stains on materials, either by oxidising or reducing the staining compound. Example: sulphur dioxide (SO2).

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one of the main divisions of the Periodic Table. Blocks are named for the outermost, occupied electron shell of an element. Example: The Transition Me

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Idea of the atom with electrons in fixed \"orbits\". Developed by Niels Bohr in early 20th century. Supports idea of ground state and excited state, a

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Distance of the first orbit in the Bohr atom from the nucleus.

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Bohr made significant contributions to the atom. He understood the line spectra-- the reason why only certain wavelengths are emitted when atoms jump

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the temperature at which a liquid boils, changing from a liquid to a gas. Boiling points change with atmospheric pressure. Example: The boiling point

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A thin glass tube closed at one end and used for chemical tests, etc. The composition and thickness of the glass is such that it cannot sustain very h

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chemical bonding is either a transfer or sharing of electrons by two or more atoms. There are a number of types of chemical bond, some very strong (su

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Angle from a pair of bonded atoms to another atom, one of the bonded pair being the vertex

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Distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms

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Connection between two atoms, consisting of a shared orbital

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Connection between two ions, consisting of an electrostatic attraction (eg, Na+ to OH-)

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Born Oppenheimer approximation

Used to simplify Schroedinger\'s Equation. Assumes that nuclei are massive and slow-moving compared to electrons.

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at constant temperature, and for a given mass of gas, the volume of the gas (V) is inversely proportional to pressure that builds up (P): P 1/V.

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Double bonds will not be formed at bridgehead positions. Such structures have too much ring strain to be stable. Exceptions are known. See related ter

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Carbon on a ring where other carbons are attached in a link across the ring.

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a solution of salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) in water.

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a thick-walled side-arm flask designed to withstand the changes in pressure that occur when the flask is connected to a suction pump.

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Büchner funnel

a special design of plastic or ceramic funnel which has a flat stage on which a filter paper can be placed. It is intended for use under suction with

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buffer (solution)|buffer

a mixture of substances in solution that resists a change in the acidity or alkalinity of the solution when small amounts of an acid or alkali are add

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buffer solutions

Solutions that resist changes in their pH, even when small amounts of acid or base are added. C

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a long, graduated glass tube with a tap at one end. A burette is used vertically, with the tap lowermost. Its main use is as a reservoir for a chemica

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a combustion reaction in which a flame is produced. A flame occurs where gases combust and release heat and light. At least two gases are therefore re

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an insulated container designed to prevent heat gain or loss with the environment and thus allow changes of temperature within reacting chemicals to b

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a very small diameter (glass) tube. Capillary tubing has a small enough diameter to allow surface tension effects to retain water within the tube.

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capillary action

the tendency for a liquid to be sucked into small spaces, such as between objects and through narrow-pore tubes. The force to do this comes from surfa

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a compound containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbohydrates have the formula Cn(H2O)n, where n is variable. Example: glucose (C6H12O6).

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a salt of carbonic acid. Carbonate ions have the chemical formula CO32-. Examples: calcium carbonate CaCO3 and sodium carbonate Na2CO3.

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Carboxyl group Also called COOH group; functional group consisting of a carbon double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to another oxygen with a h

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a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, but itself remains unaltered at the end of the reaction. Example: copper in the reaction of hydrochlor

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catalytic converter

a device incorporated into some exhaust systems. The catalytic converter contains a framework and/or granules with a very large surface area and coate

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Electrode where electrons are gained (reduction) in redox reactions.

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cathodic protection

the technique of protecting a metal object by connecting it to a more readily oxidisable metal. The metal object being protected is made into the cath

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a positively charged ion. Examples: calcium ion (Ca2+), ammonium ion (NH4+).

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Ion with a positive charge.

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a substance that can cause burns if it touches the skin. Example: Sodium hydroxide, caustic soda (NaOH).

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a vessel containing two electrodes and an electrolyte that can act as an electrical conductor.

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